Sistem Pendidikan Korea Selatan: Analisis Kebijakan, Kurikulum, Budaya Pendidikan, dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47902/al-ikmal.v5i1.475Keywords:
Sistem Pendidikan Korea Selatan, Kurikulum, Pendidikan, Kebijakan Pendidikan, Sumber Daya ManusiaAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem pendidikan Korea Selatan melalui telaah historis, filosofis, sosiologis, psikologis, yuridis, geografis, kurikulum, serta peran pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, kajian pustaka, dan studi dokumentasi. Data diperoleh dari berbagai jurnal ilmiah, buku, artikel, dan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan sistem pendidikan Korea Selatan.
Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan sistem pendidikan Korea Selatan tidak terlepas dari reformasi pendidikan yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan sejak kemerdekaan tahun 1945. Sistem pendidikan diselenggarakan secara terstruktur melalui jalur pendidikan formal, nonformal, dan informal yang saling mendukung dalam pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Kurikulum pendidikan dirancang untuk mengembangkan kompetensi akademik, kreativitas, keterampilan, dan karakter peserta didik agar mampu menghadapi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan persaingan global. Selain itu, nilai-nilai Konfusianisme yang menekankan disiplin, kerja keras, tanggung jawab, dan penghormatan terhadap pendidikan turut memengaruhi keberhasilan pendidikan di Korea Selatan.
Secara sosiologis, masyarakat Korea Selatan memiliki budaya belajar yang tinggi dan memberikan perhatian besar terhadap pendidikan sebagai sarana mobilitas sosial. Dari aspek psikologis, tingginya kompetisi akademik memberikan dampak berupa tekanan belajar yang cukup besar bagi peserta didik. Sementara itu, dari aspek yuridis dan geografis, sistem pendidikan didukung oleh regulasi pemerintah yang kuat serta kondisi wilayah yang memungkinkan penyelenggaraan pendidikan secara efektif. Dengan adanya sinergi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, Korea Selatan berhasil membangun sistem pendidikan yang berkualitas dan mampu menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul serta berdaya saing global
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